Turkey’s president has declared a three-month state of emergency following a failed coup.

President Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Wednesday said that the measure was being taken to counter threats to Turkish democracy and wasn’t intended to curb basic freedoms.

He spoke after a meeting with cabinet ministers and top security advisers.

“The aim is to rapidly and effectively take all steps needed to eliminate the threat against democracy, the rule of law and the people’s rights and freedoms,” Erdogan said.

“This measure is in no way against democracy, the law and freedoms,” he added.

“On the contrary it aims to protect and strengthen them.”

About 60,000 soldiers, police, judges, civil servants and teachers have been suspended, detained or are under investigation since Friday’s attempted coup staged by a faction within the armed forces.

The president, who has said he narrowly escaped being killed or captured by renegade military units, suggested that purges would continue within military ranks.

“As the commander in chief, I will also attend to it so that all the viruses within the armed forces will be cleansed,” Erdogan said.

Turkey had imposed martial law-like emergency rule in the southeast of Turkey in 1987, allowing officials to set curfews, issue search and arrest warrants and restrict gatherings as the security forces fought Kurdish rebels in the region.

The emergency rule was gradually lifted by 2002.

The latest insurrection by some military units was launched late on Friday, but security forces and protesters loyal to the government quashed the rebellion.

Erdogan says the pro-government death toll in the botched coup was 246. At least 24 coup plotters were also killed.

Cracking down on alleged subversives in education, Turkey also said on Wednesday that it would close more than 600 private schools and dormitories following the attempted coup, spurring fears that the state’s move against perceived enemies is throwing key institutions in the NATO ally into disarray.

Erdogan’s government said it has fired nearly 22,000 education ministry workers, mostly teachers, taken steps to revoke the licences of 21,000 other teachers at private schools and sacked or detained half a dozen university presidents in a campaign to root out alleged supporters of a US-based Muslim cleric blamed for the botched insurrection on Friday.

Turkish police officers escort soldiers who allegedly took part in a military coup. Photo: Getty

Earlier, Erdogan suggested in an interview with the Qatar-based Al-Jazeera TV network that coup plotters might still be active in the weeks ahead.

“I don’t think we have come to the end of it yet,” the president said.

The targeting of education ties in with Erdogan’s belief that the US-based cleric, Fethullah Gulen, whose followers run a worldwide network of schools, seeks to infiltrate the Turkish education system and other institutions in order to bend the country to his will.

The cleric’s movement, which espouses moderation and multi-faith harmony, says it is a scapegoat for what it describes as the president’s increasingly autocratic conduct.

While Erdogan is seeking to consolidate the power of his elected government in the wake of the attempt to oust him, his crackdown could further polarise a country that once enjoyed a reputation for relative stability in the turbulent Middle East region.

It also raises questions about the effectiveness of the military, courts and other institutions that are now being purged.

“The fact that so many judges have been detained, never mind the workload at the courthouses, will render them inoperable,” said Vildan Yirmibesoglu, a human rights lawyer.

“How they will fill the vacancies, I don’t know.”