One of three Nobel peace prize winners has immediately called for an international tribunal to bring Russian President Vladimir Putin, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko and “other war criminals to justice.”

In what amounts to deliberate slap at Mr Putin, the 2022 award has been shared by jailed Belarus rights activist Ales Bialiatski, the Russian rights group Memorial and the Ukrainian Centre for Civil Liberties.

Berit Reiss-Andersen, chair of the Norwegian Nobel committee, said the panel wanted to honour “three outstanding champions of human rights, democracy and peaceful coexistence in the neighbour countries Belarus, Russia and Ukraine”.

Berit Reiss-Andersen announces the winners of this year’s peace prize in Oslo. Photo: Getty

“Through their consistent efforts in favour of human values and anti-militarism and principles of law, this year’s laureates have revitalised and honoured Alfred Nobel’s vision of peace and fraternity between nations, a vision most needed in the world today,” she said in Oslo on Friday.

Within hours of the award announcement, head of the Centre for Civil Liberties, Oleksandra Matviichuk, called for an international tribunal to bring Mr Putin, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko and “other war criminals to justice.”

Three things which I want to say in accordance of receiving Nobel prize today. https://t.co/MKRjr6nESq pic.twitter.com/jUxZXnFXhL

— Oleksandra Matviichuk (@avalaina) October 7, 2022

She called for Russia to be removed from the United Nations Security Council for what she called “systemic breaches of the UN Charter.”

In a Facebook post, Ms Matviichuk said she was glad that the centre had received the prize, along with the human rights group Memorial and jailed Belarusian advocate Ales Bialiatski.

Nobel committee calls for release of Ales Bialatski

Mr Bialiatski founded the non-governmental organisation Human Rights Centre Viasna and won the Right Livelihood Award, sometimes referred to as the “Alternative Nobel”, in 2020.

He was detained following anti-government protests that year and remains in jail without trial.

Despite tremendous personal hardship, he “has not yielded one inch in his fight for human rights and democracy in Belarus”, Ms Reiss-Andersen said, adding that the Nobel panel was calling on Belarusian authorities to release him.

She said the Nobel committee was aware of the possibility that by awarding him the prize Mr Bialiatski might face additional scrutiny from authorities in Belarus.

“But we also have the point of view that the individuals behind these organisations, they have chosen to take a risk and pay a high price and show courage to fight for what they believe in,” she said.

“We do pray that this price will not affect him negatively, but we hope it might boost his morale.”

Memorial was founded in the Soviet Union in 1987 to ensure the victims of communist repression would be remembered. It has continued to compile information on human rights abuses in Russia and tracked the fate of political prisoners in the country.

“The organisation has also been standing at the forefront of efforts to combat militarism and promote human rights and government based on the rule of law,” Ms Reiss-Andersen said.

Asked whether the Nobel committee was intentionally sending a signal to Mr Putin, who turned 70 on Friday, Ms Reiss-Andersen said that “we always give a prize for something and to somebody and not against anyone”.

“This prize is not addressing President Putin, not for his birthday or in any other sense, except that his government, as the government in Belarus, is representing an authoritarian government that is suppressing human rights activists,” she said.

“The attention that Mr Putin has drawn on himself that is relevant in this context is the way a civil society and human rights advocates are being suppressed,” she added. “And that is what we would like to address with this prize.”

Documenting Russian war crimes

The Centre for Civil Liberties was founded in 2007 to promote human rights and democracy in Ukraine during a period of turmoil in the country.

“The centre has taken a stand to strengthen Ukrainian civil society and pressure the authorities to make Ukraine a fully fledged democracy, to develop Ukraine into a state governed by rule of law,” Ms Reiss-Andersen said.

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February, the group has worked to document war crimes against Ukrainian civilians.

“The centre is playing a pioneering role with a view to holding the guilty parties accountable for their crimes,” Ms Reiss-Andersen said.

The prize carries a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor ($1.4 million) and will be handed out on December 10. The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, in 1895.

-with AAP